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新托福阅读题型解题攻略(7)

12-28 12:07:07  www.shouji670.com  阅览次数: 938 托福阅读

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IBT阅读中词汇题的解决策略

  词汇题就是从具体的语境中理解词汇。鉴于英语单词的一词多义,所以准确理解某一个单词的意思需要依据语境。这里的语境就是我们所要阅读的文章的上下文。一般来说通过上下文推断或者猜测词意,上下文中可以利用的信息为,例句,对比词,同义词,反义词或者其他段落的解释等。此外,文章中一些特定搭配关系也可以帮助我们找到正确的答案。IBT的词汇题考的都是近义词,题目常见的问法如下:The word (or phrase) X is closest in meaning to ……, the word (or phrase) x could be best replaced by X.做这类题目,判断所考察词汇在原句中与其周围词汇的关系是关键,此外还要注意所考察词汇的词性。下面我们来看看常见的五种可以帮助我们迅速找到词汇题答案的特殊关系。

  一、五类常见的词汇关系

  1. 直接反义关系—该词前或后出现的内容提示我们是反义关系。 表示相反概念的词语如下rather than,instead,unlike,contrast,on the contrary.

  例如:

  The main conflict in the novel is between a mother who places a high value on hard

  work and honor and a son who repudiates his mother's values instead preferring the easier path to fortune and celebrity

  The word repudiates in the passage in closest in meaning to __

  A) refuses to accept B) lives up to C) tries to understand D) makes the best of

  假如repudiates我们不认识,从后面的小词 instead 这个词判定儿子和***价值观念是相反的,由此信息看四个选项,你会发现只有A选项带有否定的意味

  2.并列关系:并列关系词如下: and,not only ……but also,as…as,and,both … and,either… or neither… nor

  例如:

  She embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.

  The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to

  A) took a trip to B) started out on C) improved upon D) had a opinion about

  回到原文看embarked on周围的词语和它在这个句子中的作用。在这句中关健词 and 其后出现soon began告诉我们前后方向是一致的,前面也必然和began有关,所以本题目的正解是B.

  3.解释关系:后面的句子或短词,单词来解释前面的词。常见的标志词:Contribute to,be responsible for,account for,since ,therefore ,for,because,in which等

  例如:

  His big break came with the novel So big(1924) ,which was awarded the Pulitzer in literature.

  The word break in this sentence could best be replaced by ___

  A) Rupture B) revelation C) opportunity D) rest

  which was awarded the Pulitzer in Literature告诉我们一定考查的是正态度,所以答案不可能是A) D),所以应该选 C) Opportunity 是一种有利的状态或合适的时机。

  4. 动宾关系:看看宾语能否受动词支配,或从动词短语搭配去判定。

  例如:

  The oxidation of exhaust gases is one of primary sources of the world's pollutions. The brown haze that is poised over some of the world's largest cities is properly called photochemical smog.

  The word poised in this sentence is closest in meaning to__

  A) interacting B) sitting C) blowing D) poisoning

  首先从搭配关系上可以排除 interacting ,interact with 然后可以从上下文关系排除 blowing over 因为吹走了就是不会有smog.而poison考试中及物才有pollute的含义,不及物只有一种含义表示投毒。

  5. 形容词修饰名词关系:

  例如:

  When the gas reaches the air, it comes into contact with available oxygen from atmosphere and combines with the oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide (No2), which is a gas with a brownish hue.

  The word hue in this sentence is closest in meaning to

  A)color B)odor C)thickness D)smoke

  对于本题你会发现有个小词brownish 呈褐色的,首先从形容词修饰名词关系可以直接排除B odor C thickness, 其次可以通过 a gas with brownish hue前面的 gas 排除 D smoke,用词重复。所以正确答案是A.

  二、解决词汇题的三大技巧

  1、首先看是否认识, 如果在认识, 采用就近原则,在选项中找同义或近义词, 并代入原文检验;如果不认识,将4个选项代入原文, 看上下文是否合理。

  2、分析词语在句子中的作用,了解词性,然后按照上面提供的5类关系方法找出正确答案。

  3、看选项,如果选项的有2个答案都比较合适,根据词汇搭配的5类关系,选择在含义上与原词最合适的。

  总之,根据原文章语境理解所要选择词汇的词性和其在句中的作用,然后根据5类词汇搭配关系来选择合适的选项是解决这类题目的基础,排除法是解决这类题的主要方法。

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  与老托福相比较, IBT阅读和其他部分一样有很大的变化。

  IBT阅读的主要变化有五点:
  1. 题目的数量减少:从之前老托50道题目减少到目前39道;
  2. 文章的篇数减少:从之前的5篇减少到目前的3篇;
  3. 文章内容的长度增加:内容字数从之前的350字左右增加到目前650-700字/篇;
  4. 题目的分数参差不齐:各个类型题目的分数根据其难易程度而定;
  5. 出现了三类新题型:句子插入题, 句意解释题目和表格题是新出现的题目类。

解决IBT阅读中的插入句子题的五大步骤

  插入句子题是IBT阅读中的新题性。这类题目是给出一句话让我们来判断这句话应加入一个段落中四个方块的哪个部分,用鼠标双击所选的黑色方块即可。做这类题目的关键首先是理解该句子,寻找其中的衔接词,分析这个句子的特点和其在文中的作用,然后把这个句子带入原文中检验其是否合适。

  掌握衔接词是解答插入句子题的关键

  掌握衔接词对解答这类问题非常重要,因为它是理解上下文和这个句子的逻辑关系的核心。衔接词语主要包括代词(指示代词,例如this, these their, it, such, another ,这些通常是上文提到过的,所以可以采用就近原则来做。);关键同义词,重复出现的形容词,副词和名词;表示因果,转折等关系的过渡词语:如,therefore, so, however, as a result, consequently, on the contrary, however 等;递进扩展词:如,furthermore, also, as well, too, in addition, moreover, besides, even, additionally等;结构配对词:如,on the one hand…。 on the other hand,some…others,同时还要注意一些表示顺序的词,如first ,second ,third等。

  我们来具体来一个例子:

  1. But there is also another special kind of conversational flow among Southern women that contributed to their writing. 2. Some of their talk took the form of tales and vignettes told for their own sake.3. Sometimes humorous, sometimes sad; all were as bright as the figures in the fine needlepoint. 4.

  Look at the four positions that indicate where the following sentences can be added to the …paragraph of the passage.

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